课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： women   ethnicity   HIV risk behavior   cocaine   methadone   contingency management  

摘要： Objective: To identify ethnic differences in HIV risk behaviors among cocaine using women receiving methadone maintenance for opioid dependence, and to evaluate the efficacy of contingency management (CM) for cocaine use disorders in reducing HIV risk behaviors. Methods: African American (N=47), Hispanic (N=47), and White women (N = 29) were randomized to standard methadone treatment or standard methadone treatment plus a CM intervention. They completed the HIV Risk Behavior Scale (HRBS) indicating frequency of drug use and sexual behaviors across the lifetime, in the month before baseline, and in the 3 months following clinical trial participation. Ethnic group differences and the effect of CM on change in HIV risk behaviors between baseline and follow-up were evaluated. Results: White women reported significantly higher lifetime rates of risky drug use and Sexual behaviors on the HRBS than African American women;neither group differed significantly from Hispanic women. No ethnic group differences in HIV risk behaviors were identified in the month prior to baseline. At follow-up. African American women reported fewer high-risk drug use behaviors than White or Hispanic women, and Hispanic women reported more high-risk sexual behaviors than White or African American women. CM was associated with reduction in high-risk drug use behaviors regardless of ethnicity, but did not affect high-risk Sexual behaviors. Conclusions: White women receiving methadone maintenance engage in more lifetime, HIV risk behaviors than African American women. CM for cocaine use reduces risky drug use behaviors. but certain ethnic groups may benefit front additional targeted HIV prevention efforts. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 国家中医药管理局   外事工作   世界卫生组织   新闻通气会   卫生部长会议   传统医药   医学大会   国际合作  

摘要： 10月7—11日，我局派员参加中国与东盟卫生部长会议；10月8日，香港东华三院代表团访京；10月13-16日，王国强副部长访问澳门及香港；10月20日，世界卫生组织传统医药大会新闻通气会；10月23日，为了进一步宣传即将在中国召开的世界卫生组织传统医学大会，我局与世界卫生组织在北京共同召开新闻通气会，我局李大宁副局长、国际合作司张奇司长、新闻办蒋健主任以及世界卫生组织驻华代表汉斯出席了发布会。

关键词： 国家宗教事务局   人员编制   行政编制   事务管理   机关党委   外事归口管理   对外宣传工作   外事管理   人事工  

关键词： blood shortage   emergency planning  

摘要： The objective was to assess both our local plan and the assumptions made in the national guidelines on how laboratories should prepare for an acute shortage of red cells. The Chief Medical Officer's National Blood Transfusion Committee for England and North Wales has issued guidance on how hospitals should prepare contingency plans to deal with a shortage of red cells for transfusion. This study has therefore assessed the practicalities of these proposals together with assessing how well local policies would deal with this situation. A tabletop exercise was carried out in which all requests over a 21-day period were assessed. The restrictions as suggested by the national blood transfusion committee were applied and the impact on the blood stocks during an acute blood shortage was assessed. The results show that application of the national guidelines on the restriction of the use of red cells during an acute blood shortage resulted in all transfusion requests for red cells being met. We also appear to have shown that the assumptions made by the national transfusion team are realistic. Carrying out a tabletop exercise is a useful method to assess local procedures for dealing with an acute reduction in the supply of red cells.

关键词： CONTINGENCIES in finance -- Accounting   ACCOUNTING methods   STATISTICAL reliability   CONTINGENCY theory (Management)   MANAGERIAL accounting   STATISTICAL bias   LINEAR operators   PREDICTION models  

摘要： In recent years, the contingency-based management accounting literature has been criticized for being fragmentary and contradictory as a result of methodological limitations. This study adds to this picture by showing that the theoretical meaning of some commonly used statistical techniques is unclear, i.e. the functional forms are not precise enough to be able to discriminate between several sometimes even conflicting theories of contingency fit. The study also shows that the techniques differ significantly in terms of how interaction effects between context and management accounting are modeled. This implies that some methods are only appropriate when theory predicts interaction effects in general while others are only appropriate in cases where theory specifies a more precise functional form of interaction such as symmetrical or crossover interactions. Based on these observations, several recommendations for future research are proposed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 国家中医药管理局   外事工作   世界卫生组织   简讯   科研机构   中医医疗   临床监测   先进经验  

摘要： 9月，应我局邀请，由世界卫生组织推荐，挪威卫生部相关专家分别访问了北京与上海，参观了当地的中医医疗和科研机构，就临床监测和评价等方面与中国的专家进行了交流，介绍了国外在此方面的先进经验，提出了相关的建议。此次访问也是中国与世界卫生组织关于加强卫生合作的内容之一，访问取得良好的效果，双方同意今后将进一步开展类似的合作交流；

关键词： 高校外事管理   国际交流   以人为本  

摘要： 文章简述了高校外事工作存在的主要问题高校外事工作的基本职能是国际人才交流。因此,要强化外事管理职能,继续拓宽聘请渠道,加强科学化管理,提高聘用效益,充分发挥引进国外智力的作用。

关键词： SMOKING   SUBSTANCE abuse   SMOKING cessation   TOBACCO use   NICOTINE addiction   COTININE   TOBACCO smoke   CIGARETTE smokers  

摘要： Contingency management (CM) is a powerful behavioral intervention shown to reduce the use of a variety of substances including tobacco. Use of CM techniques for smoking cessation has been restricted by the use of multiple daily measurements of breath CO as the objective indicator to reinforce abstinence. Cotinine, with its longer half-life, may be a better marker. We evaluated the use of urinary cotinine (determined using once-daily semiquantitative immunoassay test strips and verified using quantitative GC/HPLC techniques) as an abstinence indicator in treatment-seeking adult and adolescent smokers participating in a CM-based intervention program. Both techniques of determining urinary cotinine were highly sensitive and moderately specific at detecting abstinence, and they were highly concordant. However, specificity was somewhat lower during the first few days of a quit attempt and improved over time. The results were similar in adults and adolescent smokers, and suggest that during the first few days of a quit attempt it would be advisable to continue to use daily multiple CO measurements to verify abstinence. However, once abstinence is achieved, once-daily immunoassay test strips could be used for continued monitoring of urinary cotinine levels. Immunoassay testing can identify individuals who relapse to smoking, though this study cannot evaluate whether the strips can identify resumption of abstinence. These results suggest that the use of cotinine as an abstinence indicator, by reducing the number of daily appointments, could significantly enhance the feasibility and utility of CM-based interventions for smoking cessation.

关键词： BOOKS -- Reviews   SUBSTANCE abuse -- Treatment   NONFICTION  

摘要： The article reviews the book "Contingency Management in Substance Abuse Treatment," edited by Stephen T. Higgins, Kenneth Silverman, and Sarah H. Heil.

关键词： 国家中医药管理局   外事工作   世界针灸学会   文化交流   Eric   中医医院   比利时   文化部  

摘要： 8月3日，经文化部批准、国家中医药管理局支持，欧洲中国基金会、世界针灸学会联合会与中国对外文化交流协会主办于2008年在北京人民大会堂举办了生命之光慈善义演音乐会。此次义演邀请了国内外知名艺术家成龙、比利时指挥家Eric Lederhandler、比利时钢琴家Bert Balkenende等顶级人士参演，义演所得善款将全部用于在陕西省灾区重建一所中医医院。卫生部陈竺部长、王国强副部长兼局长及我局李大宁副局长出席了此次活动；