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关键词： SMOKING cessation   SYMPTOMS   ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder   CLINICAL trials   CIGARETTE smokers   TOBACCO -- Physiological effect   MONETARY incentives   DATA analysis  

摘要： Introduction: Smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have greater difficulty quitting than those without ADHD, but preliminary data (McClernon, Kollins, Lutz, Fitzgerald, Murray, Redman, et al., 2008) suggest equivalent severity of withdrawal symptoms following brief abstinence. The objective of this study was to characterize the differential effects of intermediate term smoking abstinence on self-reported withdrawal and ADHD symptoms in adult smokers with and without ADHD. Methods: Forty adult (50% female), nontreatment seeking moderate-to-heavy smokers with and without ADHD were enrolled in a 12-day quit study in which monetary incentives were provided for maintaining biologically verified abstinence. Self-reported withdrawal, mood, and ADHD symptoms were measured pre- and post-quitting. Results: ADHD and controls did not vary on smoking or demographic variables. Significant Group x Session interactions were observed across a broad range of withdrawal symptoms and were generally characterized by greater withdrawal severity among ADHD smokers, particularly during the first 5 days of abstinence. In addition, Group x Sex x Session interactions were observed for craving, somatic symptoms, negative affect, and habit withdrawal;these interactions were driven by greater withdrawal severity among females with ADHD. Group x Session interactions were not observed for ADHD symptom scales. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that smokers with ADHD, and ADHD females in particular, experience greater withdrawal severity during early abstinence-independent of effects on ADHD symptoms. Whereas additional research is needed to pinpoint mechanisms, our findings suggest that smoking cessation interventions targeted at smokers with ADHD should address their more severe withdrawal symptoms following quitting.

关键词： Risk management  

摘要： Inter-organisational Collaborative Software Development (CSD), like other inter-organisational collaborative efforts that span national, language and cultural boundaries, raises significant challenges and risks. Its study offers useful insight with regard to the more complex, collaborative, and interdependent operational environment, where new risks arise and interfere with software projects even when all traditional risks are well controlled. In this paper, we outline a collaborative risk management framework, and focus on a set of governing policies and management contingency processes required to support the framework and to manage the interactions with other critical project activities and goals. © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Tobacco dependence   Nicotine   Psychiatric comorbidity   Dual diagnosis   Smoking cessation   Incentives   Craving  

摘要： Individuals with schizophrenia have high smoking-related morbidity and mortality rates and need powerful and innovative smoking cessation interventions. This proof-of-concept study investigated the feasibility and initial efficacy of combining a contingency management intervention with bupropion to reduce smoking in people with schizophrenia. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-groups design, 57 non-treatment-seeking participants were randomized to receive 300 mg/day bupropion or placebo. One week later, participants were randomized to a contingency management (CM) intervention in which reductions in urinary cotinine levels were reinforced, or a non-contingent reinforcement (NR) condition in which session attendance was reinforced, regardless of cotinine level. Over the 22-day study period, participants visited the laboratory approximately three times per week to provide urine samples for analysis of cotinine levels, to give breath samples for analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) levels, and to report number of cigarettes smoked per day, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, cigarette craving, and psychiatric symptoms. Cotinine and CO levels significantly decreased during the study period in participants randomized to the CM condition, but not the NR condition. Bupropion did not reduce cotinine levels or increase the efficacy of CM. Cigarette craving and psychiatric symptom levels significantly decreased during the study in all groups. The results of this study indicate the efficacy and feasibility of this CM intervention for reducing smoking in individuals with schizophrenia.

关键词： 独立学院   外事管理   服务职能  

摘要： 在我国教育部大力提倡、鼓励和支持下,外事管理工作对促进学校对外交流、合作,扩大学校声誉、影响有着重要意义。独立学院外事工作发展处于起步阶段,外事管理工作的好坏直接影响着独立学院的长期发展,因此要发展好教育必须不断提高和改善外事工作的管理水平和服务质量,本文就独立学院外事管理部门服务职能进行浅要分析。

关键词： 国家中医药管理局   外事工作   交流合作   海峡两岸   ISO   亚健康   抗衰老  

摘要： 2011年8月3日召开中医药对俄交流合作工作座谈会，于文明副局长出席； 2011年8月5日召开ISO技术方案研究会； 2011年8月5～11日赴台湾参加“2011年海峡两岸中医药与亚健康、抗衰老论坛”；

关键词： 安全管理制度   外国专家   大庆   石化   外事   施工管理制度   工程作业   设备调试  

摘要： 6月是大庆石化120万t/a乙烯改扩建工程作业的黄金期。刚到大庆的德国设备专家雷.加提亚准备到现场进行乙烯设备调试,翻译人员在工作前第一时间将安全提示卡发给他,内容是＂戴好安全帽、禁止接打手机＂等现场安全施工管理制度。

关键词： 国家中医药管理局   外事工作   中医药科技   合作中心   两岸四地   澳大利亚   副部长   王国强  

摘要： ★2011年7月2日参加“两岸四地中医药科技合作中心会议”； ★2011年7月3日王国强副部长出席“中药进入欧盟研讨会”； ★2011年7月5～7日派员参加中国瑞士自由贸易区第二轮谈判； ★2011年7月3～8日赴澳大利亚参加中澳自由贸易区第十六轮谈判；

关键词： SENIOR leadership teams   EXECUTIVE succession   ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness   CONTINGENCY theory (Management)   LOCAL government   LEADERS  

摘要： A crucial test of whether "management matters" is whether changes in the team at the top of an organization make a difference. Focusing on turnover in the collective senior team rather than successions of individual chief executives, this article argues that the impact of leadership succession is contingent upon prior organizational performance. The evidence on English local government shows that changes in the top management team lead to improvements when initial performance is bad, but result in deterioration when initial performance is good. The results support the view that high-performing organizations should attempt to retain members of their senior management team, whereas low performers should seek to replace them.

关键词： 涉外事务管理   文书  

摘要： 随着社会的不断发展,涉外事务管理在社会中的应用越来越广泛,从政府机关到涉外企事业单位的日常事务中,都发挥着不可替代的作用。其中,外事文书是对外交往的书信形式,是进行对外交涉和礼仪往来的一种重要手段。各种文书均体现国家的对外方针政策和有关法规,所以起草和发送对外文书是政策性很强的工作。

关键词： 外事管理工作   外事人员   必备素质  

摘要： 随着我国改革开放的不断扩大和深入,各行各业的国际交流日益频繁,外事工作已逐步地融入其日常工作的众多方面,从而给外事管理工作带来了许多新的挑战,因此,从事外事工作的管理人员应以科学发展观为指导,以"十二五"规划为契机,科学地统筹国际国内两个大局。本文着重浅谈外事管理人员做好外事工作的必备素质。