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关键词： 精神障碍患者   颅脑损伤患者   损伤性   风险管理   意外事件   脑干网状结构   脑组织受损   精神活动  

摘要： 颅脑损伤所致的精神障碍是指头部受到外力的直接或间接作用造成颅脑损伤所引发的精神活动失调及缺陷。颅脑损伤性精神障碍患者在神经外科较常见，但其发生机制仍不十分清楚。有人认为，由于脑组织受损致功能缺失引起的精神障碍，其急性期系脑干网状结构受累和大脑皮质的弥漫性抑制所致。一部分患者表现为激惹症状，稍有刺激就乱喊乱叫、吵骂、伤人或自伤，这可能与颅脑损伤患者病情复杂，变化快，伤后容易出现躁动不安有关。

关键词： cocaine   contingency management (CM)   homeless   men who have sex with men (MSM)   methamphetamine   sexual risk behavior  

摘要： Homeless, substance-dependent men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to suffer health disparities, including high rates of HIV. One-hundred and thirty one homeless, substance-dependent MSM were randomized into a contingency management (CM) intervention to increase substance abstinence and health-promoting behaviors. Participants were recruited from a community-based, health education/risk reduction HIV prevention program and the research activities were also conducted at the community site. Secondary analyses were conducted to identify and characterize treatment responders (defined as participants in a contingency management intervention who scored at or above the median on three primary outcomes). Treatment responders were more likely to be Caucasian/White (p<.05), report fewer years of lifetime methamphetamine, cocaine, and polysubstance use (p <=.05), and report more recent sexual partners and high-risk sexual behaviors than nonresponders (p<.05). The application of evidence-based interventions continues to be a public health priority, especially in the effort to implement effective interventions for use in community settings. The identification of both treatment responders and nonresponders is important for intervention development tailored to specific populations, both in service programs and research studies, to optimize outcomes among highly impacted populations.

关键词： 高校   外事管理工作人员   国际交流合作   人员素质  

摘要： 做好高校外事工作,对于保证学校教育和科研的顺利开展,促进学校的对外交流和合作,扩大学校的声誉和影响有着重要意义。高校必须不断提高和改善外事工作的管理和服务质量,改善外事工作服务意识,提高外事工作水平。

关键词： Contingency management   Treatment barriers   Dissemination   Adoption   Technology transfer  

摘要： Background: Contingency management (CM) is a widely recognized empirically-supported addiction treatment;however, dissemination and adoption of CM into routine clinical practice has been slow. Assessment of beliefs about CM may highlight key barriers and facilitators of adoption and inform dissemination efforts. In the present study, we developed a 35-item questionnaire (contingency management beliefs questionnaire;CMBQ) assessing CM beliefs and examined the relation of these beliefs to clinician characteristics and clinical practices. Methods:The web-based study was completed by 617 substance abuse treatment providers. We examined the factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in a randomly selected half-sample (n = 318) and evaluated the generalizability of the solution using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the second half-sample (n = 299). Results: EFA results suggested a 3-factor solution with 32 items retained;factors represented general barriers, training-related barriers, and pro-CM items. CFA results supported the solution, and reliability was good within each half-sample (alpha = 0.88 and 0.90). Therapeutic approach, years experience in addictions field, perception of CM's research support, prior CM training, and CM adoption interest were significantly associated with the factors. Conclusions: Overall, participants viewed CM favorably yet endorsed barriers, indicating a need for more extensive and targeted response to the most common misperceptions in dissemination efforts. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 国家中医药管理局   外事工作   中国中医科学院   信息建设   海外中医药   活动方案   服务贸易   代表团  

摘要： 2012年3月1日于文明副局长会见伊朗植物药代表团；2012年3月2日海外中医药信息建设座谈会在中国中医科学院信息所召开；2012年3月2日召开首届中国北京服务贸易洽谈会（京交会）中医药活动方案讨论会,

关键词： EMPLOYEE assistance programs   PERSONALITY disorders   DRUG use testing   SUBSTANCE abuse   PEOPLE with mental disabilities  

摘要： Numerous studies demonstrate the efficacy of contingency management (CM) for improving patient outcomes, yet it is rarely used in treatment settings due to the high cost of implementation. This quasi-experimental study (N = 52) examined the effect of a low-cost Fishbowl CM intervention on attendance/retention in an early intervention adolescent substance abuse program. The CM group attended significantly more sessions compared to the control group. Furthermore, the CM intervention costs $3.27 per patient per session. Our findings support the use of low-cost CM to improve adolescent attendance in clinical settings. (Am J Addict 2012;21:126129)

关键词： PREGNANT women -- Tobacco use   SMOKING cessation   COTININE   TOBACCO smoke   EVIDENCE-based medicine   COMPUTER systems  

摘要： Implementation of evidence-based interventions for smoking during pregnancy is challenging. We developed 2 highly replicable interventions for smoking during pregnancy: (a) a computer-delivered 5As-based brief intervention (CD-5As) and (b) a computer-assisted, simplified, and low-intensity contingency management (CM-Lite). A sample of 110 primarily Black pregnant women reporting smoking in the past week were recruited from prenatal care clinics and randomly assigned to CD-5As (n = 26), CM-Lite (n = 28), CD-5As plus CM-Lite (n = 30), or treatment as usual (n = 26). Self-report of smoking, urine cotinine, and breath CO were measured 10 weeks following randomization. Participants rated both interventions highly (e.g., 87.5% of CD-5As participants reported increases in likelihood of quitting), but most CM-Lite participants did not initiate reinforcement sessions and did not show increased abstinence. CD-5As led to increased abstinence as measured by cotinine (43.5% cotinine negative vs. 17.4%;odds ratio [OR] = 10.1, p = .02) but not for CO-confirmed 7-day point prevalence (30.4% abstinent vs. 8.7%;OR = 5.7, p = .06). Collapsing across CM-Lite status, participants receiving the CD-5As intervention were more likely to talk to a doctor or nurse about their smoking (60.5% vs. 30.8%;OR = 3.0, p = .02). Low-intensity participant-initiated CM did not affect smoking in this sample, but the CD-5As intervention was successful in increasing abstinence during pregnancy. Further research should seek to replicate these results in larger and more diverse samples. Should CD-5As continue to prove efficacious, it could greatly increase the proportion of pregnant smokers who receive an evidence-based brief intervention.

关键词： Contingency management   Adoption attitudes   Organizational dynamics  

摘要： Adoption of contingency management (CM) by the addiction treatment community is limited to date despite much evidence for its efficacy. This study examined systemic and idiographic staff predictors of CM adoption attitudes via archival data collected from treatment organizations affiliated with the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network. Multilevel modeling analyses evaluated potential predictors from organizational, treatment unit, and workforce surveys. Among these were individual and shared perceptions of staff concerning aspects of their clinic culture and climate. Modeling analyses identified three systemic predictors (clinic provision of opiate agonist services, national accreditation, and lesser shared perception of workplace stress) and five idiographic predictors (staff with a graduate degree, longer service tenure, managerial position, e-communication facility, and openness to change in clinical procedures). Findings are discussed as they relate to extant literature on CM attitudes and established implementation science constructs, and their practical implications are discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： child protection   ICS   risk   technology   trust  

摘要： While UK social work's core purpose in children's services continues to invoke the ready virtues of universal care, protection from significant harm and a child rights led approach as foundational to effective intervention, there is a 'real-world' context of organizational practices that inevitably mediate who gets what services and why. This was ever thus. What has changed however is not so much the claims by social work to a virtuous purpose (the ethic of care offers a durable discourse from which to cast service users as worthy and our efforts as honourable) but that new risk-reduction technologies are exposing a worrying gap between the rhetoric of a humane-oriented project of care and the actionable decision-making of professionals drawing upon administrative targeting systems that seek to reduce organizational exposure to error, blame, reputational damage and unwanted external scrutiny. Findings: The article exposes a gap between core values and risk management by examining the erosion of trust in professional social work and consequent shift towards new information technologies which intend to generate system confidence, such as the Integrated Children's System (ICS) which seeks to provide a more accountable management of contingency. Drawing on data from our recent multi-method research of frontline practice funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council, we challenge the view that the uncertainty and ambiguity of risk-immersed social work can be more safely moderated by computer-based technologies for reporting and decision-making. Applications: The findings of this study suggest the need for significant reform of the ICS system. Our explorations in front line decision-making suggests that the IT work-flow systems that channel and shape the way need is responded to in order to make actions and their often distributed ownership transparent and justifiable, have the unintended potential to obscure risk. We outline ways in which risk in its institutiona

关键词： BOOKS   SUBSTANCE abuse treatment   NONFICTION   REVIEWS  

摘要： The article reviews the book 'Contingency Management for Substance Abuse Treatment: A Guide to Implementing This Evidence-Based Practice,' by Nancy M. Petry.