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关键词： Contingency management   Vouchers   Substance use disorders   Effectiveness  

摘要： Objective. We provide a narrative review of published studies evaluating voucher-based contingency management (CM) treatment for cocaine, nicotine and cannabis use disorders in Spain and discuss the concerns and future challenges. Method Published studies between 2008 and 2015 that evaluated the impact of incentives for SUD in Spain and included an appropriate control or comparison condition were identified and reviewed. Results. Adding voucher-based CM to standard treatments obtained better treatment retention and cocaine abstinence than standard care alone. CM also improved psychosocial functioning. Economic status or depressive symptoms did not affect the results of CM treatment for cocaine dependence. The addition of a CM protocol to cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) also improved treatment effectiveness for smoking cessation. Available data on the effect of CM on cannabis use disorders (CUD) with young people did not allow confirmation of its superiority to date. Conclusion. The research conducted to date in Spain confirms and expands the findings of studies conducted in the US supporting the effectiveness of CM in the context of community settings with cocaine- and nicotine-dependents. However, CM has not yet been readily adopted into general clinical practice in Spain or the rest of Europe. The limited effectiveness of CM for CUD is likely due to the scarcity of data and may change with more studies, taking into account recent research on this topic in the US. Continued efforts are warranted to further develop and disseminate incentive-based treatments for SUD across clinical settings and populations in Spain. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 高校外事   特点   内容   创新性发展  

摘要： 高校外事工作是高等教育改革与发展的重要组成部分,同时也是高校进行国际交流沟通的桥梁。随着我国高等教育国际化的发展,高校外事工作得到更多重视。本文拟从外事工作本身特点和内容出发,旨在分析外事工作的创新性发展,为外事工作者提供参考和借鉴。

关键词： Integrated management systems   Sustainability   Resource based view   Contingency perspective   Structural equation modeling  

摘要： The present work is focused on the context of Integrated Management Systems. The background theory is the Resource-Based View, to investigate the core resources that can give these management systems a potential basis to improve operational performance. The purpose of the paper is twofold. The first objective is to provide indications for firms on which tangible and intangible resources can make an Integrated Management Systems a strategic asset. The second objective is to investigate how the pattern of core resources may vary within the contingency perspective of firms' size, in terms of total number of employees and workers. These issues are fronted through an extensive survey of plant managers in Italy. The main scientific added value of this research is that it addresses the application of Resource-Based View theory to Integrated Management Systems, with structural equation modelling as the main investigation tool. The main findings show that the assets relative to pollution control assets and safety investments are among the most important resources. From the discussion of contingency perspective, it emerges that integrated audit is considered as a core resource for Small and Medium Enterprises. An increasing importance is given by Small Enterprises to the Pollution Equipment and Safety Investments, mainly due to the development in these firms of Integrated Management Systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contingency management   Motivational incentives   SUD treatment   Counselor attitudes   PAMI   Blending Products   Training  

摘要： Despite research demonstrating its effectiveness, use of contingency management (CM) in substance use disorder treatment has been limited. Given the vital role that counselors play as arbiters in the use of therapies, examination of their attitudes can provide insight into how further use of CM might be effectively promoted. In this paper, we examine 731 counselors' attitudes toward the effectiveness and acceptability of CM in treatment, as well as their specific attitudes toward both unspecified and tangible incentives for treatment attendance and abstinence. Compared to cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and community reinforcement approach, counselors rated CM as the least effective and least acceptable psychosocial intervention. Exposure through the use of CM in a counselor's employing organization was positively associated with perceptions of acceptability, agreement that incentives have a positive effect on the client-counselor relationship, and endorsement of tangible incentives for abstinence. Endorsement of tangible incentives for treatment attendance was significantly greater among counselors with more years in the treatment field, and counselors who held at least a master's degree. Counselors' adaptability or openness to innovations was also positively associated with attitudes toward CM. Further, female counselors and counselors with a greater 12-step philosophy were less likely to endorse the use of incentives. A highlight of our study is that it offers the first specific assessment of the impact of "Promoting Awareness of Motivational Incentives" (PAMI), a Web-based tool based on findings of CM protocols tested within the Clinical Trials Network (CTN), on counselors employed outside the CTN. We found that 10% of counselors had accessed PAMI, and those who had accessed PAMI were more likely to report a higher degree of perceived effectiveness of CM than those who had not. This study lays the groundwork for vital research on the imp

关键词： Responsiveness   Internet   Social media   Public sphere   E-democracy   Systematic literature review   Meta-synthesis  

摘要： The influence of the virtual public sphere in the policy process is not only dependent on the power of online media and the stakeholders who are using them. The responsiveness of governments to online policy debate is important as well. While some studies show examples of governments' responsiveness to the virtual public sphere, others find that online participation is largely ignored. Such contrasting findings point at a contingency of governments' responsiveness to online public debate. This article offers a systematic literature review and meta-synthesis of empirical articles that provide insight in the factors accounting for governments' responsiveness to the virtual public sphere. A theory-based analytical framework served as guideline for qualitative analysis of the findings of 39 studies. We found that institutional characteristics, characteristics of the policymaker, characteristics of online participation and characteristics of the policy domain are relevant conditions for governments' responsiveness to the virtual public sphere. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 高职院校   外事管理人员   素质   提升   途径  

摘要： 扩大教育开放,提高我国教育国际化水平是当前大势所趋。我国的高职教育一直以来都相对封闭,国际化水平较低,国际交流与合作起步较晚。为顺应高等教育国际化发展的趋势,高职院校建立一支高素质和现代化的外事工作队伍是势在必行的。高职院校应以科学发展观为指导,通过加增设岗位、规范选拔任用机制,加强培训,完善考评激励机制等途径提高外事管理人员的综合素质,进而推动高职院校外事工作水平的提高。

关键词： Contingency management   Collaborative design   Behavior therapy dissemination  

摘要： Background: Community dissemination of empirically-supported behavior therapies is fostered by collaborative design, a joint process pooling expertise of purveyors and treatment personnel to contextualize a therapy for sustainable use. The adaptability of contingency management renders it an exemplary therapy to model this collaborative design process. Methods: At conclusion of an implementation/effectiveness hybrid trial conducted at an opiate treatment program, a group elicitation interview was conducted with the setting's five managerial staff to cull qualitative impressions of a collaboratively-designed contingency management intervention after 90 days of provisional implementation in the setting. Two independent raters reviewed the audio-recording and conducted a phenomenological narrative analysis, extracting themes and selecting excerpts to correspond with innovation attributes (i.e., relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability) of a well-known implementation science framework. Results: This qualitative analysis suggested the intervention was regarded as: 1) cost-effective and clinically useful relative to prior practices, 2) a strong fit with existing service structure and staffing resources, 3) procedurally uncomplicated, with staff consistently implementing it as intended, 4) providing site-specific data to sufficiently inform decisions about its sustainment, and 5) offering palpable benefits to staff-patient interactions. Conclusions: The current work complements prior reports of positive implementation outcomes and intervention effectiveness for the parent trial, mapping qualitative managerial accounts of this contingency management intervention to a set of attributes thought to influence the speed and effectiveness with which an innovative practice is disseminated. Findings support the incorporation of collaborative design processes in future efforts to transport contingency management to the addiction treatment community.

关键词： Contingency management   Cost effectiveness   Stimulant use   Serious mental illness  

摘要： Background: This study examines the cost-effectiveness of contingency-management (CM) for stimulant dependence among community mental health patients with serious mental illness (SMI) Methods: Economic evaluation of a 12-week randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of CM added to treatment-as-usual (CM +TAU), relative to TAU without CM, for treating stimulant dependence among patients with a SMI. The trial included 176 participants diagnosed with SMI and stimulant dependency who were receiving community mental health and addiction treatment at one community mental health center in Seattle, Washington. Participants were also assessed during a 12-week follow-up period. Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores were used to calculate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for the primary economic outcome. The primary clinical outcome, the stimulant-free year (SFY) is a weighted measure of time free from stimulants. Two perspectives were adopted, those of the provider and the payer. Results: At 12-weeks neither the provider ($2652,p = 0.74) nor the payer ($2611,p = 0.99) cost differentials were statistically significant. This was also true for the payer at 24-weeks (-$125, p = 1.00). QALYs gained were similar across groups, resulting in small, insignificant differences (0.04, p = 0.23 at 12-weeks;0.01, p = 0.70 at 24 weeks). CM +TAU experienced significantly more SFYs, 0.24 (p <0.001) at 12 weeks and 0.20 (p = 0.002) at 24 weeks, resulting in at least an 85% chance of being considered cost-effective at a threshold of $200,000/SFY. Conclusion: Contingency management appears to be a wise investment for both the provider and the payer with regard to the clinical outcome of time free from stimulants. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 档案管理   对外开放力度   视频录像   人物专访   学术交流   对外合作   重要学术价值   发展高度   对外交流   档案内容  

摘要： 随着对外开放力度的不断加深,对外合作与交流呈现上升趋势,目前外事档案管理工作是事业单位对外交流中的一项重要工作。外事档案是学术交流、友好交往等活动的原始记录,包括具有重要学术价值的图表、文稿、视频录像以及人物专访等材料,为事业单位的发展提供了重要的科学依据。本文就我国事业单位外事档案管理工作中存在的一些问题以及应该采取的措施进行了分析,希望能给从事外事档案管理工作的同行带来一些帮助。

摘要： The article focuses on the study on the use of added parent training (PT) as contingency management (CM) for teenager with cannabis use disorder or substance use disorders (SUDs). The study assesses the use of motivational enhancement therapy/ cognitive behavioral therapy (MET/CBT) in addition to CM and parent training for the management of adolescents abuse patients. Result shows that added parent training did not improve abstinence in patients.