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关键词： 国际化   国有企业   外事管理  

摘要： 随着国内众多企业逐渐确立了国际化发展战略,尝试通过海外投融资等方式实现产业转型升级,企业外事活动愈发频繁。外事管理工作如何更加高效的助力企业拓展海外市场,与本企业国际化发展需求相匹配,这成为外事管理的重点。本文以某上市国有企业(以下简称"A公司")为研究对象,分析国有企业在国际化过程中外事管理的重要性,对企业如何加强外事管理进行深入思考,并据此提出了国际化背景下加强外事管理的思路与方法,以及如何规避外事管理风险的对策,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。

关键词： Management accounting research   Paradigms   Contingency theory   Emic perspective   Case study   Uncertainty  

摘要： This paper is a critical analysis of the potential implications of adopting a highly established research paradigm in management accounting research. The analysis employs the notion of uncertainty as it is presently used in established contingency-based management accounting (CBMA) research practice. We argue that particular established constructs and measurement instruments dominate the research practice of that field in a paradigmatic manner. Consequently, the constructs and measurement instruments of uncertainty tend to be continuously reproduced in a similar, taken-for-granted manner that does not question their validity. Furthermore, as some of the findings regarding uncertainty in existing CBMA research are mixed, we suggest an alternate path for conducting contingency-based research in management accounting and illustrate this with a field study from the drug development business. The analysis presents an emic inclusive alternative for conducting CBMA research that could complement the currently prevailing etic dominated research, thus significantly widening the current scope of such research. The suggested alternate path for CBMA research is faithful to the original ideas of the early contingency scholars and argues for the opening up of institutionalised research practices in this field of management accounting research. Currently, the situation in CBMA research exemplifies the problem of an institutionalised paradigm actually hindering fruitful development within the research field. Hence, the paper is essentially a critique of the overly mechanistic employment of established research practices, such as those evident in CBMA research. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Substance abuse treatment   Contingency management   HIV  

摘要： HIV is common among individuals with substance use disorders, but relatively few studies have examined the impact of HIV status on response to substance abuse treatment. This secondary analysis compared patients seeking treatment for cocaine use with and without HIV in terms of substance use treatment outcomes. Primary treatment outcomes included treatment retention, longest duration of abstinence, and percent of negative samples;both substance use outcomes reflect abstinence from cocaine, alcohol and opioids concurrently. Participants (N = 432) were enrolled in randomized clinical trials comparing contingency management (CM) to standard care, and 32 (7%) reported being positive for HIV. Overall, CM improved both treatment retention (average of 8.2 weeks compared to 6.0 weeks in the standard care condition) and longest duration of abstinence (average of 5.8 weeks compared to 2.8 weeks in the standard care condition). HIV status was not associated with treatment outcomes as a main effect, nor did it have an interaction effect with treatment condition. These results suggest a benefit of CM in substance abuse treatment irrespective of HIV status. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Alcohol   biosensor   contingency management   monitoring   reinforcement   transdermal  

摘要： AimsWe tested the efficacy of daily contingent reinforcement for reducing alcohol use compared with (yoked) non-contingent reinforcement (NR) using a transdermal alcohol sensor to detect alcohol use. DesignPilot randomized controlled design with 1 baseline week, 3 intervention weeks and 1-month follow-up. SettingNew England, USA. ParticipantsHeavy drinking adults (46.7% female) not seeking treatment were randomized to (1) an escalating schedule of cash reinforcement (CR;n=15) for days on which alcohol was neither reported nor detected or (2) yoked NR (n=15). Intervention and comparatorReinforcement for CR participants started at $5 and increased $2 every subsequent day on which alcohol was not detected or reported, to a maximum of $17. Participants received no reinforcement for days on which alcohol use was detected or reported, and the reinforcer value was re-set to $5 the day after a drinking day. NR participants were yoked to the daily reinforcer value of an individual in the CR condition, in order of enrollment. Paired participants in CR and NR therefore received the same amount of money, but the amount for the NR participant was not behavior-related. MeasurementsThe primary outcome was percentage of days without sensor-detected drinking. Secondary outcomes were number of consecutive days with no detected drinking, peak transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC), self-reported drinks per week and drinking below NIH low-risk guidelines. FindingsControlling for baseline, CR had a higher percentage of days with no drinking detected (54.3%) than NR (31.2%) during intervention weeks [P=0.05, Cohen's d=0.74;95% confidence interval (CI)=0.007-1.47]. The longest period of consecutive days with no drinking detected was 8.0 for CR versus 2.9 for NR (P=0.03, d=0.85;95% CI=0.08-1.61). Peak TAC during intervention showed a non-significant group difference (P=0.20;d=0.48;95% CI=0.00-1.18);a similar result was found for drinks per week (P=0.12;d=0.59;95% CI=0.00-1.30). Four times

关键词： 高校外事工作   工作内容   工作措施  

摘要： 高校要发展、要创新离不开对外交流,随着高等教育国际化,外事工作成了国际交流的枢纽。外事工作已逐渐融入高校工作的很多方面,给高校外事管理工作带来了新的问题。因此,高校要快速进入国际化进程,外事管理机构必须创新和优化高校外事管理工作方法。

关键词： Cigarette smoking   contingency management   deposit contract   financial incentives   technology   treatment  

摘要： Background and aimsContingency management (CM) is one of the most effective behavioral interventions to promote drug abstinence, but availability of this treatment is limited. We evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of internet-based CM relative to an internet-based monitoring and goal-setting control group in a nationwide sample of cigarette smokers. DesignRandomized controlled trial with 3- and 6-month follow-ups. SettingUnited States. ParticipantsSmokers (n=94) from 26 states were enrolled (mean age 36, 56% female). Intervention and comparatorParticipants were randomized to earn financial incentives (up to $480 over 7weeks) based on video-verified abstinence using breath carbon monoxide (CO) output (n=48;abstinent contingent group, AC), or based on submitting CO samples (n=46, submission contingent, SC). Both groups also received the same CO-based goals. A $50 deposit was required in both groups that could be recouped from initial earnings. MeasuresThe primary outcome was point prevalence at week 4. Secondary outcomes were point prevalence at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups, percentages of negative CO samples, adherence to the CO sampling protocol, and treatment acceptability ratings on a 0-100-mm visual analog scale. FindingsAbstinence rates differed at 4weeks between the AC (39.6%) and SC (13.0%) groups [odds ratio (OR)=4.4, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.6-12.3], but not at the 3- (29.2%AC and 19.6% SC, OR=1.7, 95% CI=0.6-4.4) or 6- (22.9%AC and 13.0% SC, OR=2.0, 95% CI=0.7-5.9) month follow-ups. During the two main treatment phases, there were significant differences in negative COs (53.9%AC and 24.8% SC, OR=3.5, 95% CI=3.1-4.0;43.4%AC and 24.6% SC, OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.6-3.4). Adherence to the CO submission protocol was equivalent (78%AC and 85% SC, difference=7.0%, 95% CI=-10.3 to 23.8%, F < 1, P = 0.39). The lowest acceptability ratings were for the items assessing the deposit, whereas the highest ratings concerned the ease of the intervention, the graph of

关键词： Other Psychological Issues   Administration  

摘要： The author discusses the study conducted by MG McDonell and colleagues on the role of contingency management in improving the outcomes of treating alcohol use in adults with serious mental illness. The author cites several reasons why the study was important including the use of ethyl glucuronide as alcohol abstinence biomarker, the inclusion of participants with mental health diagnoses and its considerable clinical import.

关键词： Alcohol Abuse   Biological Markers   Chronic Psychiatric Illness  

摘要： Objective: The authors examined whether a contingency management intervention using the ethyl glucuronide (EtG) alcohol biomarker resulted in increased alcohol abstinence in outpatients with co-occurring serious mental illnesses. Secondary objectives were to determine whether contingency management was associated with changes in heavy drinking, treatment attendance, drug use, cigarette smoking, psychiatric symptoms, and HIV-risk behavior. Method: Seventy-nine (37% female, 44% nonwhite) outpatients with serious mental illness and alcohol dependence receiving treatment as usual completed a 4-week observation period and were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of contingency management for EtG-negative urine samples and addiction treatment attendance, or reinforcement only for study participation. Contingency management included the variable magnitude of reinforcement "prize draw" procedure contingent on EtG-negative samples (<150 ng/mL) three times a week and weekly gift cards for outpatient treatment attendance. Urine EtG, drug test, and self-report outcomes were assessed during the 12-week intervention and 3-month follow-up periods. Results: Contingency management participants were 3.1 times(95% CI=2.2-4.5) more likely to submitan EtG-negative urine test during the 12-week intervention period, attaining nearly 1.5 weeks of additional alcohol abstinence compared with controls. Contingency management participants had significantly lower mean EtG levels, reported less drinking and fewer heavy drinking episodes, and were more likely to submit stimulant-negative urine and smoking-negative breath samples, compared with controls. Differences in self-reported alcohol use were maintained at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: This is the first randomized trial utilizing an accurate and validated biomarker (EtG) to demonstrate the efficacy of contingency management for alcohol dependence in outpatients with serious mental illness.

关键词： IAEA   NW-T-2.8   No   发展方向  

摘要： 该出版物讨论了退役活动可能带来的结果或影响,前提条件包括意外事件的发生,活动间的权衡以减少带来的影响,以及妨碍这些额外工作的因素。该出版物将退役计划中因意外发现带来的后果进行分类并举出例子,包括需要终止或重新考虑某项工作或某个选择,以及改变发展方向。

关键词： 高等院校   外事管理   激励机制  

摘要： 随着时代的发展,高等院校对外交流与合作越来越频繁,呈现出国际化的发展趋势。在这样的大背景之下,高校外事管理的重要性就凸现出来,使其成为整个高校工作的重点内容之一。相对来说,高等院校的外事工作人员素质相对较高,而且具备着强烈的自我实现需要。因此,在这一基础上对外事工作人员进行有效的激励引导,就能够充分地发挥外事工作人员的主观能动性,增强他们的积极性,发挥其创造力,最终提升外事管理水平。