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关键词： Academic Achievement   Behavior Modification   Behavior Problems   Classroom Techniques   Competition   Contingency Management   Elementary Education   Games   Peer Influence   Positive Reinforcement   Social Behavior   Student Behavior   Teamwork   Time on TaskGood Behavior Game  

摘要： Discusses a group-oriented contingency management program for the behavioral change of students. Use of the Good Behavior Game; Classroom organization; Criterion for reinforcement; Reinforcement of winning teams; Game variations.

关键词： .cause-effect   Firm Performance   output control   ROA and sales   behavior control   input control   standards of desirability  

摘要： This study examined the relationship between human resource management (HRM) controls used by executives and changes in the financial performance of their firms (ROA and sales growth). Results from 102 single product firms indicate that, as hypothesized, when the approach to HRM was based on behavior control, firm performance was higher when executives had complete knowledge of cause-effect relations. HRM based on output control had neither a direct nor a moderating effect on firm performance. When the approach to HRM was based on input control, performance was higher when standards of desirability were ambiguous. From a practical standpoint, these findings suggest that executives should be cognizant of several contingencies that might guide their choice among various approaches to HRM, as well as the effects these choices have on the performance of their firms. From a research standpoint, there are several issues raised in this study that suggest avenues for future investigation on HRM, control, and performance.

关键词： JOINT VENTURES   CONTROL   COMPLEMENTARITY  

摘要： This study is an integrative examination of three aspects of joint venture formation: complementarity of the partners, ownership/control and joint venture autonomy. Past research has examined each of these concepts individually without considering potential interactive effects. Moreover, most past studies have used global measurements ignoring critical dimensions within each concept. For example, most studies of ownership/control have examined the effects of dominant control by one partner versus shared influence. This approach overlooks the possibility that joint venture parents may exert varying degrees of control over decision making in the different functional areas. Personal interviews of 98 managers involved in oil and gas exploration and production joint ventures are used in an investigation of the three joint venture concepts. In this industry, complementarity had little if any effect on joint venture performance. In fact, complementarity actually appeared to have a negative impact on several dimensions of joint venture performance. Qualitative data suggest that joint venture partners with distinctive competencies in different functional areas may experience difficulties in implementing potential complementarities. Moreover, it may be important for all joint venture partners to perceive some influence over the strategic decisions of the joint venture, regardless of their actual influence over those decisions. Perhaps the most important implications of this study are for future joint venture research. First, a dimensionalized approach to the issues of implementation and performance is justified. Examining ownership/control over each functional area provided additional insights into issues of joint venture management and aided in explaining the results of tests using global measures. Second, analyses of joint venture autonomy and ownership/control produced different results based on the functional area under consideration. Thus, the use of global measures is l

关键词： 土地市场   土地管理制度   国家土地管理局   土地制度   外事司   李庆华   土地复垦   土地使用权出让   国有土地使用权   土地利用规划  

摘要： 我国的土地市场与土地管理制度──访国家土地管理局外事司司长李焕俊本刊记者李庆华，刘荣荣记者：李司长，我国的土地制度与土地市场问题，是大家既关心又陌生的问题，您能否就此问题给我们介绍一些有关情况。李：我是中央党校进修班第２０期的学员，很高兴回答你们的问...

关键词： 委托代培   财政拨款   师范教育   委托单位   国家任务   高等专科学校   外事处   新闻教育   新闻理论   外事管理  

摘要： 广州市为了保证师范教育的发展,鼓励师范生勤奋学习,决定从今年9月起增加师范生的生活补贴。补贴的标准为:中师生生均每月增加50元,本、专科师范生生均每月增加60元。国家任务的师范生的补贴由市财政拨款解决,委托代培的师范生的补贴由委托单位支付。(郑建辉)

关键词： 国际交际   对外宣传   专业阅读   外事管理   输送人才   专业外语   专业英语阅读   《大纲》   语言交际活动   现代外语  

摘要： 英语是国际交际中使用最为广泛的语种之一,被誉为世界普通话。在发展社会主义市场经济的新形势下,英语在公安工作中的应用也日益广泛,不但对外宣传,外事管理等工作中要大量应用,而且在对外交流中也离不开它。

关键词： 国际科技合作   科学技术成就   对外开放政策   科学技术工作   科研单位   外向型经济   外事管理   国外专家   世界经济形势   联合国系统  

摘要： 国际科技合作与交流是我国对外开放政策和科学技术工作的重要组成部分,是学习、吸收、消化国外先进科学技术成就的重要渠道。1993年,我国广泛地开展了官方、民间、双边和多边的国际科技合作与交流,我国已与世界上134个国家和地区开展了科技合作与交流。 据介绍,1993年是我国国际科技合作全面深入、合作方式多样化的一年。

关键词： Field work (Research)   Service industries   Japanese corporations   Manufacturing industries   Industrial management -- Japan  

摘要： This paper first reviews the theories of the transfer of Japanese management practices overseas. The paper then outlines a contingency theoretical model that specifies the factors which are hypothesized to impact the transfer of Japanese-style HRM practices to overseas subsidiaries. Qualitative data from a field study of ten Japanese subsidiaries in the U.S., five in the service industry and five in manufacturing, are used to illustrate the concepts presented in the theoretical discussion.

摘要： In a 3 x 2 factorial design, 360 new admissions to methadone maintenance were randomly assigned to one of three levels of counseling: (1) ''medication only,'' (2) ''standard'' counseling, and (3) ''enhanced'' services;and one of two contingency contracting conditions: (1) no contingencies (NC), and (2) contingency contracting (CC). Contingency contracting included discharge for continuous positive urines;subsequently CC subjects were discharged at a greater rate than the NC group. However, CC subjects were more likely to be readmitted. NC subjects provided more urines positive for any illicit drug use than did CC subjects. For opiate positives a significant level of counseling by contingency contracting interaction was found with medication only/CC subjects obtaining fewer opiate positives than medication only/NC subjects. The impact of reduced or enhanced services and of contingency contracting will not be fully understood until longer term follow-up (18 and 24 month) is completed. Results suggest that contingency management procedures could be utilized in settings offering minimum services (e.g., ''interim methadone'') to achieve treatment outcomes similar to programs offering standard counseling services.

关键词： 宏观管理   加快改革步伐   专业调整   高校经费   办学自主权   经济管理系   外事管理   国家奖学金   重点实验室建设   国家包办  

摘要： 中国高等教育正在加快改革步伐,以适应社会主义市场经济发展的需要。那么,改革的内容是什么?带来什么新变化?经访问有关部门后,特对此作一介绍。之一:高等学校的活力90年代的高等教育改革的一个新进展是在完善国家统筹规划和宏观管理下。