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关键词： 高等教育   国际化   高校   外事管理  

摘要： 在教育事业稳健发展背景下我国教育朝着国际化方向发展,从管理、标准、课程、师资等角度出发与国际接轨,旨在实现高等教育“双一流”发展目标。其中,高校外事管理在高等教育国际化发展中的重要性日益突出。本文针对高等教育国际化发展过程中高校外事管理工作必要性、现况及方略进行分析,以期提高高校外事管理工作质量。

关键词： 高等学校   外事办公室   管理和服务工作   北京市公安局   北京市人民政府   招收   北京地区   印发  

摘要： 各高等学校:为进一步加强北京地区高等学校国际学生的教育、管理和服务工作,北京市教育委员会、北京市人民政府外事办公室、北京市公安局联合制定了《北京地区高等学校招收和培养国际学生管理办法》,现印发给你们,请遵照执行。

关键词： contingency management   behavioural treatment   methamphetamine use disorder   stimulants   South Africa  

摘要： Introduction and Aims As South Africa, especially the Western Cape Province, faces an epidemic of methamphetamine use disorder, therapeutic approaches suited to the South African context are needed. This secondary analysis assessed retention and methamphetamine abstinence outcomes in response to an 8-week pilot contingency management (CM) intervention trial of neural correlates of methamphetamine abstinence, exploring sociodemographic and clinical differences between responders and non-responders. Design and Methods Research participants provided thrice-weekly monitored urine samples, which were analysed by qualitative radioimmunoassay. The primary outcome for this analysis was therapeutic response, defined as abstinence from methamphetamine (>= 23 of 24 possible methamphetamine-negative urine samples). Results Data from 30 adults living in Cape Town, South Africa (34 +/- 6.1 years of age, mean age +/- SD, 21 men) were included. Sixty-three percent (12 men) were responders. In bivariate comparisons, baseline measurements showed fewer responders reported monthly household income >= 25 000+ South African Rand (ZAR;similar to USD $1880;vs. ZAR < 25 000) than non-responders (15.8% vs. 63.6%;P = 0.007). Furthermore, responders had higher median years of education (12 vs. 10;Kruskal-Wallis chi(2) = 4.25, DF = 1, P = 0.039) and lower median body mass index than non-responders (19 vs. 24;Kruskal-Wallis chi(2) = 6.84, P = 0.008). Discussion and Conclusions Therapeutic response in this study were comparable to those obtained with CM for methamphetamine use disorder in North America and Europe. Our findings suggest that CM may be a useful component of treatment strategies to boost retention and continuous abstinence from methamphetamine in Cape Town, South Africa. Larger efficacy studies are needed in this setting.

关键词： Cocaine   Clinical trial   Inhibitory control   Impulsivity   Treatment  

摘要： Background: Cocaine abusers have impaired inhibitory Cocaine use is associated with impaired inhibitory control. This study determined the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of inhibitory-control training to cocaine or neutral images in cocaine use disorder patients. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to inhibitory-control training to cocaine (N = 20) or neutral (N = 20) images. Feasibility was assessed by percent of patients eligible for participation after a behavioral qualification session, time-to-target enrollment, percent of clinic visits attended, percent of participants who completed 80 % or more training sessions, and percent of follow-up visits attended. Acceptability was determined using a Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire. Initial efficacy was determined during training and a follow-up phase with urine samples tested qualitatively and quantitatively for cocaine. Participants in both conditions received monetary incentives delivered on an escalating schedule for clinic attendance. Results: The groups were well matched and no differences on demographic or substance use variables were observed. Attendance was stable during the treatment period with high overall attendance in both groups (average sessions attended: cocaine image group = 97 %;neutral image group = 90 %). No group differences were observed in the percentage of follow-up sessions attended (95 % for the cocaine-image group;88 % of neutral-image group). Ratings on the Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire were high (i.e., mean scores >= 80 for all items rated on 101-unit visual analog scales). Participants in the cocaine- and neutral-image conditions did not differ significantly in terms of cocaine use during the training nor follow-up phase. Inhibitory-control training improved stop signal performance but not delay discounting. Conclusion: The procedures were feasible and acceptable. Inhibitory-control training to cocaine images did not reduce cocaine use relative to

关键词： 外事工作   民族尊严   文化交流   外事活动   必备素质   国际事务   技术交流   经济全球化  

摘要： 随着经济全球化的不断发展,中国与世界其他国家在各领域中的合作和交流越来越广泛,在这样的背景下,外事工作管理已成为国家外事活动的重要内容。这就需要外事管理人员从自身出发,科学统筹,提高外事管理工作的质量与效率。一、外事工作的特点国家外事工作是一项比较复杂的工作,做好外事工作对维护国家荣誉、人民利益、民族尊严有着重要的现实意义。在当前全球化的时代背景下,外事工作有利于各国之间的经济交流、文化交流和技术交流,不仅在国际事务中起着至关重要的作用,也促进了各国、各民族之间的和平发展[1]。

关键词： 科研院所   外事工作   创新管理  

摘要： 本文根据科研院所外事管理的需求,建立了一种新型科研院所外事工作管理方法,该方法从流程梳理,创建指南和建立集成表单三个主要方面入手,全面提升科研院所外事工作的效率与准确性。

关键词： 外事管理   科研院所   国际科技交流与合作  

摘要： 中国把“走出去”战略、“一带一路”倡议等重大战略实施作为进一步扩大对外开放,主动参与国际合作的主要方向。在这样的背景下,科研院所通过开展外事管理工作,可不断为加强国际学术交流与科技合作创造条件,充分吸收和利用国际先进经验,培养国际化科技人才,增强全球竞争力。以中国科学技术信息研究所为例,通过分析其外事管理工作的主要特点和取得的成绩,展现科研院所国际科技交流与合作的现状,为同类科研院所外事管理工作提供参考,促进交流。

关键词： 风险管理   急诊抢救室   危急症   意外事件   干预效果  

摘要： 目的:分析应用风险管理减少急诊抢救室危急症意外事件发生的效果。方法:在2018年1月到2018年12月开展本次研究,期间总共选取100例急诊科患者作为案例进行分析对比。根据风险管理实施前后进行分组。常规组采取常规护理管理措施,实验组在常规组基础上强化护理风险管理。对比两组患者护理风险事件发生率、诊疗时间以及护理满意度。结果:实验组护理差错、缺陷以及投诉的发生率、接到患者到确诊、确诊到转科进入病房所消耗的时间、对急诊抢救服务满意率均显著低于常规组,组间对比结果显著,满足统计学意义标准(P<0.05)。结论:应用风险管理减少急诊抢救室危急症意外事件发生的效果显著,值得推广。

关键词： 国际交流   调查分析   外事管理  

摘要： 目的通过对中国疾控中心环境所专业人员过去15年(2003-2017年)因公出国(境)任务情况进行梳理,总结以往国际交流与合作情况。方法通过查阅档案、公务访谈、座谈和资料查询等方法,收集和整理国际交流与合作资料并建立数据库。采用单样本Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验和卡方检验进行统计分析。结果环境所在过去15年因公出国(境)任务以参加国际学术会议为主(58.2%,89/153)。出访人员主要集中在空气污染与健康(34.5%,81/235)、饮用水与健康(13.6%,32/235)和气候变化与健康(11.9%,28/235)3个学科(领域)。大多数出访人员具有高级技术职称(81.3%,191/235),出访经费多数由邀请方承担(60.1%,92/153)。出访发达国家和地区占比较高(70.8%,114/161)。分层分析显示,3个五年间(2003-2007年、2008-2012年、2013-2017年)年均出访批次(F=0.97,P>0.05)、出访人数(F=3.55,P>0.05)以及3个主要学科(领域)的年均出访人数差异无统计学意义(F值分别为3.46、2.08和2.96,P>0.05),而环境所本单位经费占比差异具有统计学意义(χ2=40.3,P<0.01)。结论环境所国际交流与合作活动日益频繁且效果逐步凸显。但出访人员学科(领域)和技术职称分布不尽合理,出访目的地主要集中在发达国家和地区。建议今后进一步强化国际交流与合作效果评估,促进学科(领域)和人才队伍均衡发展,加强与"一带一路"沿线国家的交流与合作。

关键词： Tobacco   smoking   cessation   contingency management   treatment   incentives   developing country   tobacco  

摘要： Background: Contingency management (CM) is an empirically supported behavioral treatment for tobacco use, but its efficacy with university student smokers in a developing country is unknown. Objectives: We evaluate a randomized controlled trial of a CM smoking cessation program conducted on a sample of treatment-seeking student smokers at the University of Cape Town. Methods: The study included a recruitment period, a 6-week intervention period, and a 6-month follow-up period. Subjects in the control group (information and monitoring;n = 47, 76% male) were given information to help them quit smoking and had their quit attempt monitored, receiving R50 ($8) at each assessment. Subjects in the treatment group (information and monitoring, plus CM;n = 40, 80% male) could additionally earn R150 ($24) in abstinence-contingent incentives at each assessment. Outcome variables: 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6 months and at the end of the intervention period, and a repeated measure of smoking intensity of non-abstinent subjects. Results: CM had no long-term effect on abstinence at 6 months but had a marked and statistically significant effect on the likelihood of abstinence by the end of the intervention period (p < .001). In addition, while CM did not affect smoking intensity, participation in the program decreased the average number of cigarettes smoked per day by non-abstainers (p < .001). Conclusions: The CM program was efficacious in promoting abstinence amongst treatment-seeking university students in a developing country but only while incentives were in place. Future research should focus on promoting continuous abstinence with this target sample.