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关键词： Adolescent   Adolescent Behavior   Cognitive Therapy   Female   Humans   Male  

摘要： This pilot study evaluated the optimal format of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to combine with contingency management (CM) in a four-week, high school-based smoking cessation program. Thirty-four adolescent smokers received a standard weekly version of CBT or a frequent brief behavioral intervention. Results indicate a trend toward a higher seven-day point prevalence end-of-treatment abstinence rate and percent days abstinent during treatment in the CBT condition. In addition, significantly more participants in the CBT group completed treatment. These preliminary results suggest that when combined with CM, the standard weekly format of CBT is more acceptable to adolescent smokers.

关键词： 经济全球化   地方政府改革   外事管理研究  

摘要： 进入21世纪,经济全球化成了一个最经常被提及的名词,它给人们的生活带来了前所未有的变化,也给各级政府的管理工作带来全新的挑战和难题。 本文首先通过对全球化的论述,介绍了全球化的内涵,全球化给世界带来的影响,以及在经济全球化的背景下地方政府的改革;面对全球化发展的要求,各地方政府应该做那些工作。然后,介绍了地方政府外事管理工作的内涵,外事管理工作的特点和职责,使读者对外事管理工作有一个相对全面的了解。并以吉林省为例,具体介绍了吉林省外事工作的现状、面临的困难和挑战。本文的最后,在前三章的论述的基础上,以新时期的外事工作指导思想为原则,梳理出一条外事管理工作的改革思路。给出了关于外事管理工作提升水平的具体建议。

关键词： Education   Management games   Project management   Risk management   Training  

摘要： Purpose - Games are an effective teaching and classroom training tool, since they allow students to practise real-life events. In the area of project management, most games focus on the planning phase of a project. The current paper aims to describe a new game, called PEG - Project Execution Game. The uniqueness of this game is its focus on real world problems during the project's execution. Design/methodology/approach - The Project Execution Game provides the "players" with a set of realistic, but unexpected events that occur during a project, in order to enhance their problem-coping capabilities and decision-making skills as well as hone their general reactions. The game is designed for either one or several teams competing among themselves. The game's validity was tested on 185 undergraduate students in their advanced project management course. Statistical results about the simulation's contributions are presented in relation to several aspects of project management. Findings - The conclusion from the study is that a game is an effective tool for teaching the unstructured area of project execution, and gives the student a taste of real-life experience. Practical implications - The Project Execution Game can be implemented with students in project management training sessions. With this game, the students gain more practical relevant experience, as compared to alternative teaching techniques. Furthermore, the game can be used in organizational training to improve project managers' techniques and experience in reacting to unexpected events. Finally, it can also be used with project managers practising before the actual execution of a big project. Originality/value - This paper suggests effective and interesting ways of teaching project management in order to better train project managers. By simulating realistic competitive conditions, the concepts learned and solutions generated in the classroom can be transferred to the outside business environment. © Emerald Gro

关键词： compensated work therapy   contingency management   dual diagnosis   employment   job search   job tenure   psychiatric rehabilitation   sobriety   vocational rehabilitation   work  

摘要： In this random-assignment trial, we evaluated the efficacy of using a contingency management (CM) intervention to enhance job acquisition and tenure among participants of a vocational rehabilitation (VR) program. The CM intervention offered participants cash incentives up to $1,170 for completing tasks related to sobriety and job search and maintenance. Participants were 100 veterans with comorbid psychiatric disorders and substance dependence who were randomly assigned either to VR only or VR + CM. Relative to participants in the VR-only group, those in the VR + CM group showed more intense job searches and transitioned to competitive employment faster and at higher rates. No significant difference was found in job tenure, though this may be due to the limited follow-up period. Abstinence rates were significantly better in the VR + CM group during the first 16 weeks of follow-up but not significantly different in subsequent follow-ups. No relationship was found between relapse and employment. These results suggest that rehabilitation outcomes may be enhanced by adding CM to current programming or by restructuring traditional work-for-pay contingencies to include direct financial rewards for achievement of clinical goals.

关键词： Behavior Therapy   Cost-Benefit Analysis   Costs and Cost Analysis   Data Collection  

摘要： This study determined whether, and by how much, the cost-effectiveness of contingency management (CM) varied across the eight clinics in the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network MIEDAR trial. Incremental costs, incremental outcomes, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of CM compared to usual care were calculated, compared and contrasted for each of the clinics. Results showed that the incremental cost of using CM compared to usual care varied by a factor of 1.9 across the clinics, ranging from an additional $306 to an additional $582 per patient. The effect of CM on the longest duration of continuous stimulant abstinence (LDA) varied by a factor of 8.0 across the clinics, ranging from an additional 0.5 to an additional 4.0 weeks. The ICERs for the LDA varied by a factor of 4.6 across the clinics, ranging from $145 to $666. These results show that the cost-effectiveness of CM varied widely among the clinics in the MIEDAR trial. Future research should focus on identifying the sources of this variation, perhaps by identifying clinic-level best practices and/or identifying those subgroups of patients that respond the most cost-effectively, with the ultimate goal of improving the cost-effectiveness of CM overall.

关键词： tobacco use   cigarette smoking   adolescents   contingency management  

摘要： This exploratory study investigated the efficacy and feasibility of a contingency management (CM) protocol for adolescent smokers that included use of a reduction phase. Using a within-participants design, 19 adolescents completed three 7-day phases: (1) reinforcement for attendance and provision of breath samples (RA) phase, (2) a washout phase, (3) a CM phase,with order of CM and RA counterbalanced. In addition, participants were randomized to one of two reinforcement conditions during the CM phase: (1) CM-Abstinence condition (n = 9), wherein participants earned reinforcement only for carbon monoxide levels (CO) indicating abstinence;(2) CM-Reduction condition (n = 10), wherein participants earned reinforcement for reductions from baseline CO levels for the first half of the CM phase, followed by an abstinence contingency for the remainder of the phase. Compared with CM-Abstinence, adolescents in CM-Reduction demonstrated trends for more abstinent readings and had a significantly higher percentage of readings meeting criteria for reinforcement during the CM phase. Adolescents who received the RA phase first had lower CO readings during the subsequent CM phase than those who received CM first. Future research is warranted on the effects of introducing RA and other control conditions prior to administration of CM, on strengthening the magnitude of the reinforcement, on instituting reinforcement schedules that program more reinforcers and with longer duration to maximize the efficacy of CM-based interventions, and on increasing the exportability of CM for smoking through advances in biochemical data collection and assessment techniques.

关键词： 新建本科院校   外事工作   发展  

摘要： 新建本科院校由专科升格为本科后就上了一个新的台阶,也面临着新的机遇和挑战。高校外事工作是学校建设和发展的重要组成部分,对新建本科院校而言,其外事工作也要抓住新的发展机遇,针对在观念、管理体制、人才队伍等方面存在的问题和不足,把握关键,改革创新,制定有针对性的方案,使外事真正为教学和科研服务,为提高学校升本之后的整体办学水平做出贡献。

关键词： contingency management   medication compliance   medication trials   study design  

摘要： Contingency management (CM) procedures, which provide concrete reinforcers orrewards contingent on verification of discrete targeted behaviors, such as drug-free urines, havebeen demonstrated to be effective in a number of clinical trials. However, to date there have beenonly a few that have capitalized on the unique strengths and capabilities of CM as an ideal platformto improve response to or address weaknesses of many pharmacotherapies used in the treatment ofdrug abuse. In this review, we describe the multiple potential uses of CM as a platform forpharmacotherapy, including reducing illicit drug use in the context of agonist therapies; fosteringmedication compliance with antagonists, aversive agents and HIV medications; fostering a period ofabstinence prior to initiation of agents used to treat comorbid psychiatric conditions or in thecontext of vaccines to foster adequate periods of abstinence while titer levels are building; and toenhance the effectiveness of anticraving agents through additive or synergistic effects. Althoughits multiple strengths render it an almost perfect platform, CM does have some weaknesses that havelimited its use to date, including cost, the short-term nature of its effects, and need fortraining. Future treatment development of CM as a medication platform needs to counter these issuesby focusing on CM applications with large potential benefit, developing simple or automated methodsfor CM delivery and placing greater emphasis on the process of transitioning away from formal CMtreatment.

关键词： 国家中医药管理局   外事工作   中西医结合治疗   香港浸会大学   公立医院   简讯   中医治疗   中医专家  

摘要： ★12月4日，余靖副部长与法国外交部长进行电话会谈，双方拟开展中医药合作； ★12月11日至13日李大宁副局长赴香港参加“陈汉贤伉俪现代中医治疗研究中心”开幕式。该中心由香港浸会大学与伊利莎白医院合办，浸会大学选派中医专家在中心出诊，伊利莎白医院派出一名西医专家全职驻诊。伊利莎白医院是九龙半岛规模最大的公立医院，能够在其院内开设香港首家有全职西医驻诊的“现代中医治疗研究中心”，标志着香港中西医结合治疗的新发展；

关键词： 教务管理   教育信息化   中等职业学校  

摘要： 教务管理是学校教育信息管理现代化的基础及关键，随着信息技术的飞速发展，教务管理从传统的人工操作到信息管理自动化、网络化是势在必行。本文以宁波外事学校教务管理系统开发为背景，从实际情况出发，结合中等职业教育的特点，给出了中等职业学校教务管理系统的整体模型设计。在系统的开发设计中，根据系统设计和数据库设计的一般理论，通过图例、流程图和E-R图进行分析，并对数据访问等关键性技术问题进行阐述。\n 系统是针对宁波外事学校教务管理工作需要而开发的新型简洁规范的教务管理软件，涉及到学校教务工作的多个环节，包括系统管理、学生管理、成绩管理、教师管理和教务管理。系统主要体现以下四个方面特点：\n 第一，系统采用客户机/服务器架构(Client/ServerArchitecture)，Delphi7.